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Gendered Racial Socialization of African American Mothers and Daughters

Anita Jones Thomas

Loyola University Chicago, athoma9{at}luc.edu

Constance T. King

Adler School of Professional Psychology

African American girls face unique challenges in identity development, and African American mothers have the unique task of preparing them to face racism and sexism. This study examines specific socialization messages given to African American daughters by mothers and the relationship between gendered racial socialization and communication. Results suggest that mothers give a variety of messages, including self-determination, self-pride, and religion. Correlations are found between reports of communication patterns. Communication is found to be positively related to self-esteem in daughters. Socialization messages on embracing mainstream values are negatively related to self-esteem.

Key Words: racial socialization • gender messages • African American women • mother-daughter communication • identity development

The Family Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, 137-142 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1066480706297853
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